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Philosophers

Aristotle

The Complete Works of Aristotle : The Revised Oxford Translation
   Order: Hardcover

   Aristotle was the fountainhead of Western civilization in many ways. His systematic exposition of the laws of logic paved the way for the Renaissance and the scientific method. In the afterword to Atlas Shrugged, Ayn Rand stated:

The only philosophical debt I can acknowledge is to Aristotle. I most emphatically disagree with a great many parts of his philosophy---but his definition of the laws of logic and of the means of human knowledge is so great an achievement that his errors are irrelevant by comparison. You will find my tribute to him in the titles of the three parts of ATLAS SHRUGGED.

The Aristotle Adventure : A Guide to the Greek, Arabic, & Latin Scholars Who Transmitted Aristotle's Logic to the Renaissance Order: Paperback
    By Burgess Laughlin, who writes of the book:

First and foremost, The Aristotle Adventure is a guidebook -- that is, it is a guide to the individuals who brought Aristotle's greatest achievement, his logic, from his time to the Renaissance and, thus, the modern world. Ideas pass over land and through time in one of two forms -- either recorded, especially in books, or retained in the minds of the people who understand those ideas.

Plato

Complete Works (of Plato)
Order: Hardcover

Plato was the first philosopher to develop a truly systematic philosophy, albeit an extremely defective one which is opposed in every fundamental to Objectivism. In the words of Leonard Peikoff, from the epilogue to his book Objectivism: The Philosophy of Ayn Rand:

For two millennia, Western history has been the expression of a philosophic duel. The duelists are Plato and Aristotle.

Plato is the first thinker to systematize other-worldliness. His metaphysics, identified in Objectivist terms, upholds the primacy of consciousness; his epistemology, intrinsicism and its corollary, mysticism; his ethics, the code of sacrifice. Aristotle, Plato's devoted student for twenty years, is the first thinker to systematize worldliness. His metaphysics upholds the primacy of existence; his epistemology, the validity of reason; his ethics, the ideal of personal happiness.

Economists

Henry Hazlett

Economics in One Lesson : 50th Anniversary Edition Order: Paperback

This book is a beautifully straightforward, common sense explication of the many errors committed by 20th century economists in the name of "state planning". If you read only one book on economics it should be this one.

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